Case+Study+2010

=Challenge AnswersCase Study 2010=
 * READ:** May 10 Case Study [[image:http://c1.wikicdn.com/i/mime/32/application/pdf.png width="32" height="32" link="http://curtisitgs.wikispaces.com/file/view/HealthCare+in+an+East+African+Country+-+May+-+Nov.+2010.pdf"]] [|HealthCare in an East African Country - May - Nov. 2010.pdf]

What's going on in the medical industry that relates to patient care and information?** Work with a partner and do the following: 1. Read the all following articles to gain insight into to the products and consortiums that exist relating to patient information and the developments in this area. 2. Create a list of the consortiums and products. List what they do. Do a search to find their cost, if possible. 3. State 3 new acronyms learned and their meanings. 4. What are some of the issues that the medical industry is currently focusing on?
 * ASSIGNMENT1:
 * Consortiums:**


 * Applications**:




 * Data Exchange Solutions:

**

**ASSIGNMENT2:**

Watch the video (link following questions) and answer the following questions:
 * 1) **Where did he grow up?**
 * 2) **When he went to find a medicine man/doctor for a sick relative as a child, what was his experience?**
 * 3) **According to the speaker, sending aid to other countries for the last 60 years has not been successful. Aid empowered authorities and marginalized citizens. He believed that economic development will only occur when citizens are empowered. How does he suggest empowering citizens?**
 * 4) **When living in NYC as an investment banker, he experienced the advent of networking first hand in the 1990s. The changes made him realize that connectivity leads to productivity****; each unconnected person equaled wasted resources. That realization inspired him to do what for his home country?**
 * 5) **How have we historically connected to people throughout history from ancient to modern times?**
 * 6) **Why is it difficult for citizens in poor regions to develop the necessary IT infrastructure?**
 * 7) **How did the speaker connect the ownership of a cow to the ownership of a cell phone in Bangladesh and thinking small before you go large?**
 * 8) **Describe the multiple positive impacts that cell phone technology can have in poor areas.**


 * Impact of Technology (or lack of) in a Poor Rural Area** [|Video: Cell Phones in Poor Countries]


 * ASSIGNMENT3: **

**Cloud Computing - Is it a possible solution?**
[|cloud computing]
 * 1) **Is it free?**
 * 2) **Can you access your files from any location?**
 * 3) **Do you need an administrator to handle the backups?**
 * 4) **What are the advantages of using cloud computing?**

== =Africa: House Calls and Health Care=

media type="custom" key="5552117" [|**Slide Show: A Revived Rwandan Hospital**] media type="custom" key="5841327"

= = =East Africa=

[|Mwalimu Nyerere] []
 * East Africa**[|African][|continent][|geography]
 * [|Tanzania], [|Kenya] and [|Uganda] – members of the East African Community (EAC). [|Burundi] and [|Rwanda], fellow members of the EAC, are also sometimes included although many also consider them part a of Central Africa
 * [|Djibouti], [|Eritrea], [|Ethiopia], and [|Somalia] – collectively known as the [|Horn of Africa].
 * [|Sudan] is often included in this region. [|Madagascar] is also sometimes included, but has close cultural ties to Southeast Asia and the islands of the [|Indian Ocean]." (from [])

= =

Case Study Vocabulary
[] Click here to go there [] [] =Use Command Terms:=
 * CT Scanner**
 * Database**
 * EMR**
 * Client/server network**
 * Data redundancy**
 * Electronic Medical Record:**[]
 * WiFi**wireless alliance
 * Data redundancy**
 * An intranet**
 * peer-to-peer**
 * back-up**
 * A computer network**[]
 * Internet service provider (ISP,)**[]
 * Failover Systems**[|database][|server][|network][|fault tolerance][|transparently]
 * =**account for**= ||
 * Asks candidates to explain a particular happening or outcome. Candidates are expected to present a reasoned case for the existence of something. ||
 * =**analyze**= ||
 * Asks candidates to respond with a closely argued and detailed examination of the perspective or a development. A clearly written analysis will indicate the relevant interrelationships between key variables, any relevant assumptions involved and also include a critical view of the significance of the account as presented. ||
 * =**assess**= ||
 * Asks candidates to measure and judge the merits and quality of an argument or concept. Candidates must clearly identify and explain the evidence for the assessment they make. ||
 * =**calculate**= ||
 * Asks the candidate to give a precise answer. ||
 * =**compare / contrast**= ||
 * Asks candidates to describe two situations and resent the and contrast similarities and differences between them. On its own, a description of the two situations does not meet the requirements of this key word. ||
 * =**construct**= ||
 * Asks candidates to present a variety of information in a diagrammatic or tabular form. ||
 * =**define**= ||
 * Asks candidates to give a clear and precise account of a given word or term. ||
 * =**describe**= ||
 * Asks candidates to give a portrayal of a given situation. It is a neutral request to present a detailed picture of a given situation, event, pattern, process or outcome, although it may be followed by a further opportunity for discussion and analysis. ||
 * =**discuss / consider**= ||
 * Asks candidates to consider a statement or to offer a considered review or balanced discussion of a particular topic. If the question is presented in the form of a quotation, the specific purpose is to stimulate a discussion on each of its parts. The question is asking for the candidate's opinions; these should be presented clearly and supported with as much empirical evidence and sound argument as possible. ||
 * =**distinguish**= ||
 * Asks candidates to demonstrate a clear understanding of similar terms. ||
 * =**evaluate**= ||
 * Asks candidates to make an appraisal of the argument or concept under investigation of discussion. Candidates should weigh the nature of the evidence available, and identify and discuss the convincing aspects of the argument, as well as its limitations. If this key is augmented by "the extent to which" then the candidate should be clear that judgment is also sought. ||
 * =**examine**= ||
 * Asks candidates to investigate an argument or concept and present their own analysis. Candidates should approach the question in a critical and detailed way which uncovers the assumptions and interrelationships of the issue. ||
 * =**explain**= ||
 * Asks candidates to describe clearly, make intelligible and give reasons for a concept, process, relationship or development. ||
 * =**identify**= ||
 * Asks candidates to recognize one or more component parts or processes. ||
 * =**outline**= ||
 * Asks candidates to write a brief summary of the major aspects of the issue, principle, approach or argument stated in the question. ||
 * =**to what extent?**= ||
 * Asks candidates to evaluate the success or otherwise of one argument or concept over another. Candidates should present a conclusion, supported by argument ||

=Health Services Challenges= Answers:

Challenge 1
If a case is too complicated or cannot be addressed in the local clinics, the patient is referred to the hospital. This can involve substantial travel and accommodation costs which many patients are unable to afford. How can IT be leveraged to reduce the need for expensive travel and accommodation costs? What do we know about developments in telemedicine that can be adopted in this case? What technologies can reasonably be adopted in the context of this community?

Challenge 2
Often, treatment in the province is //delayed because of the time// required to get the patients to Oobunta hospital and also because of the //lack of medical knowledge about unusual cases//. In some instances this has led to the death of patients. What IT systems could be used in overcoming these knowledge-based problems? How can the key decision-makers acquire more knowledge about the patients' conditions? How much of a patient's diagnosis and care be delivered via IT channels thereby alleviating the need for travel?

Challenge 3
The hospital subscribes to an online medical expert system for use by its professional staff. However, a number of doctors have started to use the Internet search engines in order to diagnose patients, which has raised some concerns. How do medical expert systems work? How can their use be improved? What role can a campaign for improved information literacy play in meeting this challenge? How can internet sources be made more reliable?

Challenge 4
Most medical staff lack appropriate training on the existing IT systems. Who are the various stakeholders? What kinds of IT do they use? What training do they need? What are the ways that training can be implemented in this case?

Challenge 5
The hospital has a network administrator whereas the healthcare workers are responsible for the upkeep of the IT systems in Village A and Village B. What are the networks? Can you construct a diagram? What are the major and minor components? How do they work together? What are the routine maintenance concerns? To what extent can the job of network administration be parceled out to the healthcare workers?

Challenge 6
Some medical records, such as patient histories, x-rays and pathology results are on paper and therefore are not accessible through the IT system. Others are in separate databases. There is no integrated Electronic Medical Record (EMR) management system at present. What would be the best plan for aggregating this data and making it available throughout the area? In 2007, there was a significant loss of data when the system crashed due to a power surge. An effective disaster recovery and backup plan was not in place and has still not been implemented. What systems need to be adopted to prevent data loss in the face of possible disasters?

=Backwards Planning=

Case Study Examination Tips

 * //precise use of IT terminology//**//**IT concepts**//
 * Start at the base of the triangle and make sure you identify and master an understanding of the terms identified in the case study glossary and the related terminology from the syllabus.
 * Be able to write definitions for all of the terms. For example, if you have a define question (make sure that two valid points are made so as to earn the full 2 marks).
 * Be able to correctly use the terms when answering higher level questions such as describing or explaining how IT systems are used or work. Or in the context of a discussion, analysis, evaluation or to what extent extended response questions.
 * Know exactly how hardware and software relate to the case study. Have an understanding of how the concepts relate to the case study.

command terms
 * Extended response answers should make explicit references to your own investigations, interviews, our guest speakers, class trips, and the case study.
 * For example "Dr. VunderKast of Doctors Without Borders, faces similar problems to the Oobunta Hospital in sharing information with the local clinics around Haiti."